Fishery

IP has many weaknesses, one of which is unreliable packet delivery—packets may be dropped due to transmission errors, bad routes, and/or throughput degradation. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) helps reconcile these issues by providing reliable, stream-oriented connections. In fact, 23 TCP/IP is predominantly based on TCP functionality, which is based on IP, to make up the TCP/IP suite. These features describe a connection-oriented process of communication establishment.
There are many components that result in TCP’s reliable service delivery. Following are some of the main points:
· Streams. Data is systematized and transferred as a stream of bits, organized into 8-bit octets or bytes. As these bits are received, they are passed on in the same manner.
· Buffer Flow Control. As data is passed in streams, protocol software may divide the stream to fill specific buffer sizes. TCP manages this process, and assures avoidance of a buffer
overflow. During this process, fast-sending stations may be stopped periodically to keep up with slow-receiving stations.
· Virtual Circuits. When one station requests communication with another, both stations inform their application programs, and agree to communicate. If the link or communications between these stations fail, both stations are made aware of the breakdown and inform their respective software applications. In this case, a coordinated retry is attempted.
· Full Duplex Connectivity. Stream transfer occurs in both directions, simultaneously, to reduce overall network traffic.